Effector protein detection in PCD

Service Introduction

Plant pathogen effector proteins (Pathogen Effectors, PEs) are a class of proteins secreted by plant pathogens that can enter plant cells and interfere with the physiological and biochemical processes of the host cells, thereby promoting pathogen infection and proliferation. Based on their functions and mechanisms of action, plant pathogen effector proteins can be categorized into various types. Among them, effector proteins are the most common, capable of directly interacting with host cell proteins and affecting the host cell's signal transduction and defense responses. This kit uses BAX (a pro-death protein from the mouse Bcl-2 family) (Lacomme and Santa 1999) and INF1 (a PAMP factor from Phytophthora) (Kamoun et al. 1998), which, when expressed in tobacco, can trigger programmed cell death (PCD). By co-expressing an effector protein with BAX or INF1 at the same site, if the effector protein inhibits BAX- and INF-induced PCD, it indicates that it has the function of suppressing programmed cell death; if the effector protein alone can trigger programmed cell death (PCD), it indicates that it has a function of inducing programmed cell death.

Service Advantages

▶Our company provides plasmids used for testing;

▶Provides a protocol for detecting the suppression of plant immunity by effector proteins in tobacco leaves. The detection system is highly sensitive, efficient, and widely applicable;

▶Optimizes the experimental system. Provides positive control plasmids for more accurate control and easier operation.

Service Process

Article Case

The Puccinia triticina effector Pt3372 suppresses wheat innate immunity by targeting wheat TaERP3 in TcLr2a and TcLr18

academic journal：Phytopathology Research

Pt3372 inhibits programmed cell death (PCD) induced by BAX, INF, and Pst DC3000. a, b Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 carrying PVX:Pt3372 and PVX:GFP was infiltrated into tobacco leaves, and PVX:BAX or PVX:INF1 was infiltrated at the same position 24 h later. BAX and INF1 caused cell death 24 h after infiltration of A. tumefaciens carrying PVX:Pt3372. c Pt3372 was transferred into two-leaf wheat Thatcher by Pseudomonas fluorescens EtHAn, which could not cause necrosis in wheat but could inhibit the necrosis induced by Pst DC3000. pEDV6 was used as a control. Photographs were taken 5 d post infiltration.

Applicable Fields

▶Research on the pathogenic mechanisms of plant pathogens: Identify the functions of effector proteins secreted by bacterial, fungal, and oomycete pathogens, determine whether they promote infection by inhibiting host PCD (interfering with plant defense responses) or inducing host PCD (destroying plant cell structures), and elucidate the molecular pathways of pathogen-host interactions.

▶Disease resistance gene screening and crop breeding: Screen crop genes that can specifically inhibit the virulence effector proteins of pathogens (PCD-suppressing type), or identify receptor proteins in crops that recognize effector proteins (PCD-inducing type) and trigger immune responses, providing targets for molecular breeding of disease-resistant crops.

▶Analysis of plant immune signaling pathways: Study the interactions between effector proteins and key proteins in plant PCD-related signaling pathways (such as SA and JA pathways) to clarify the regulatory mechanisms of plant immune activation or suppression.